What is Firewall
Network traffic filtering system
Firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Types of Firewalls
- Packet Filtering — filtering at packet level (IP, ports)
- Stateful Inspection — connection state tracking
- Application Layer — application traffic analysis (Layer 7)
- Next-Generation (NGFW) — comprehensive protection with IPS, DPI
Key Functions
- Blocking unauthorized access
- IP address and port filtering
- Outbound traffic control
- DDoS protection
- VPN gateway
Popular Solutions
- pfSense (open source)
- Cisco ASA
- Palo Alto Networks
- Fortinet FortiGate
- iptables/nftables (Linux)
Best Practices
- "Deny all, allow by exception" principle
- Regular rule auditing
- Logging and monitoring
- Network segmentation
Firewall is the first line of defense for corporate networks against external threats.