What is SSL/TLS
Protocols for encrypting internet connections
SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that provide secure data transmission between a browser and server over the internet.
How SSL/TLS Works
When establishing a secure connection:
- Browser requests a certificate from the server
- Server sends SSL certificate with public key
- Browser verifies certificate authenticity
- Encrypted connection (HTTPS) is established
Types of SSL Certificates
- DV (Domain Validation) — basic domain verification
- OV (Organization Validation) — organization verification
- EV (Extended Validation) — extended verification
- Wildcard — for domain and all subdomains
- Multi-Domain (SAN) — for multiple domains
Benefits of SSL/TLS
- Data encryption — protection from interception
- Authentication — confirms site authenticity
- Integrity — protection from data modification
- SEO bonus — Google considers HTTPS in ranking
- User trust — padlock icon in browser
Where to Get SSL Certificate
- Let's Encrypt — free certificates (90 days)
- Cloudflare — free SSL with CDN usage
- DigiCert, Comodo, GlobalSign — commercial CAs
- Hosting providers — often include free SSL
Modern Standards
- TLS 1.2 — minimum recommended version
- TLS 1.3 — current version (faster and more secure)
- SSL 2.0/3.0 — deprecated, do not use